Thursday, 11 April 2013

'To sweep', 'to milk' and 'under'


Time and again the Ancient Egyptian (AE) language offers quaint insights. Here is an example, in the word ‘sekher’ or ‘seKHer’, the rendering of ‘kh’ reflecting two of the ‘h’ sounds: h and respectively.
[The other two 'h' forms are h-underdot [ḥ] and h plain.]

sr: seKHer: plan
(with h-underscoop)
There are several examples of the sr: seKHer ‘plan’ interpretation:

AE English EngJSM source glyphs
(sr: seKHer) "plan" plan  Allen [468.1:1] <cloth string mouth PLANE>
(sr: seKHer) "plan" plan  Faulkner Concise [242:10] <cloth string mouth PLANE-v>
(srt: seKHer-et) "roll" plan what is  Faulkner Concise [243:1] <cloth string mouth bun twiat>
(sry: seKHer-i) "captain" plan agent [captain] Faulkner Concise [243:2.1] <cloth string mouth reeds PLANE SQUATTER>
The third and fourth examples above include suffixes:
-et, the ‘relative’ marker, indicating ‘what is’; and
-i, one of the forms indicating ‘agent’, the person or thing who or what does something — the ‘plan person’, here the captain (of a ship).

But for the present investigation we are interested in the other ‘sekher’. This follows:

shr: sekher: ‘sweep’, ‘overlay’
(with h-underline)

This next table features the alternative h-underline spelling. This entirely changes the meaning:


(shr: sekher)
"sweep"
sweep 
Faulkner Concise [244:15.21]
<cloth mace mouth STROKE>
(shr: sekher)
"cover"
overlay 
Gardiner [591.2:17]
<cloth mace mouth arrow arm: stick>
(shr: sekher)
"overlay"
overlay 
Gardiner [620.1:27]
<cloth mace mouth arrow arm: stick>
(shrw: sekheru)
"a linen fabric"
xxx [?]
Faulkner Concise [244:18]
<bolt mace mouth quail comb: cloth>

Perhaps the final example, ‘linen fabric’  might conceivably be interpreted at an ‘overlay’.

sekher: ‘milk’
It is, however, the next examples that prompt further investigation:

(shr: sekher)
"milk"
milk 
Faulkner Concise [244:16]
<bolt mace mouth breast: full>
(shrt: sekher-et)
"milking"
milk what is 
Faulkner Concise [244:17]
<cloth mace mouth bun twist STROKEx3>

How can ‘milk’ be reconciled with ‘overlaying’ or ‘sweeping’?

Investigation
Noticing the introductory syllable se-, the causative marker, an investigator is tempted to enquire if ‘kher’ might mean anything possibly relevant. 
A search of the Nedj Nedj Database yields a positive and promising result: ‘under’:

(Xer, hr: kher)
"under"
under 
Col/Man [117:21.01]
<block mouth>
(Xer: kher)
"under"
under 
EAWB [136:2.1]
<string mouth>
(Xeri: kheri)
"among"
under 
EAWB [235:2.3]
<block mouth PAIR PLANE>
(hr: kher)
"under"
under 
Faulkner Concise [203:4]
<block mouth>
(hr: kher)
"beneath"
under 
Gardiner [607.1:13]
<block mouth>


So here we have the insight. 
Imagine an Ancient Egyptian squatting on a stool beside his cow, working at the cow’s udder, well and truly under the creature. 

This would offer an alternative way to present the ‘milk’ records:

(shr: se-kher)
"milk"
under make [milk] 
Faulkner Concise [244:16]
<bolt mace mouth breast: full>
(shrt: se-kher-et)
"milking"
under make [milk] what is 
Faulkner Concise [244:17]
<cloth mace mouth bun twist STROKEx3>

These are verbs. So sekher is not ‘sweep’ or ‘overlay’.

Rather, se-kher is ‘to do (or make) under’ something: which is what milking a cow precisely entails.

Jeremy Steele
Thursday 11 April 2013

Friday, 5 April 2013

Row your boat


According to some sources, the Ancient Egyptian (AE) for ‘row’ (as in rowing a boat) is khen:

(hn: khen)
"row"
row 
Faulkner Concise [201:21]
<coolie water boat>
(hn: khen)
"Row"
row 
Nureldin [217:15.2]
<coolie water boat>
(hni: kheni)
"row"
row 
Gardiner [587.1:2.1]
<coolie water boat>
(hnj: kheni)
"row"
row 
Allen [465.2:5]
<coolie water boat>

Gardiner and Allen in the last two examples render it as kheni, (as some authors are wont to say) ‘for an unexplained reason’.

khen provides the start for the addition of affixes, and the elaboration of meaning.

Relative form: -et
If a relative suffix were to be added, to make khen-et, it would presumably mean ‘row — what is’, or ‘rowing’. A check of the  the Nedj Nedj databases can be made to see if such a term might have been recorded.
Indeed, there are some results:

(hnt: khen-et)
"excursion"
row what is 
Allen [465.2:6]
<COOLIE water bun boat>
(hnt: khen-et)
"water-procession"
row what is 
Faulkner Concise [201:22.1]
<coolie water bun boat>
(hnt: khen-et)
"water-procession"
row what is 
Faulkner Concise [201:22.2]
<coolie bun boat>

In the first of these examples, Allen elaborates that the ‘excursion is ‘(in a rowboat)’.

Causative: se-
If someone were to be made to row, then se-khen would be expected, with the causative prefix se-.

But first let us note that in AE there are four forms of ‘h’ in use:
— h  h-simple  h
— ḥ  h-underdot  H   
— ẖ h-underline  kh
  h-underscoop KH
and note also how they are often rendered, and as they are transcribed in the databases.

Note that the underlining in h underline (for computer programming reasons) does not show up on the summary lines used in the tables, even though it assuredly is there, as the picture of the source for the first entry in the table immediately above indicates (see top-left corner of the illustration: hnt):




Now, if we search for the ‘ẖ  h-underline kh’ forms only, we can uncover examples that appear to be unrelated to the ‘oar’ theme currently being pursued:

(hnt: khenet)
"hide"
skin 
Faulkner Concise [201:18]
<headless water bun skin: sidetail>
(hnt: khenet)
"burial chamber"

Faulkner Concise [201:19]
<headless water bun house>
(hnt: khenet)
"Statue"

Nureldin [211:20.2]
<COOLIE water bun stander: staff&file>


Probable irrelevancies
Equally likely to be unrelated are the following khenet examples — especially as these are h-underscoop forms:

(sḫn: se-KHen)
"resting-place"
alight make 
Faulkner Concise [242:2]
<cloth string water duck: fly>
(sḫnỉ: se-KHen-i)
"cause to land"
alight make agent 
Allen [467.2:27]
<cloth string water PAIR duck: fly>


The Nedj Nedj Databases offered no ‘make to row’ se-khen examples, the nearest ‘h-underline’ examples being:

(shnn: se-khenen)
"demolish"
destroy do 
Gardiner [591.2:16.1]
<cloth mace waterx2 wall: fall arm: stick>
(shnn: se-khenen)
"overthrow"
destroy do 
Gardiner [620.1:30.4]
<cloth mace waterx2 wall: fall>


Place: me-
Upon the adding of the ‘place’ prefix me-, we encounter more examples related to ‘row’:

(mhnt: me-khen-et)
"ferry-boat"
row place what is [ferryboat]
Faulkner Concise [115:17.1]
<owl arm headless water bun boat>
(mhnt: me-khen-et)
"ferry-boat"
row place what is [ferryboat]
Faulkner Concise [115:17.21]
<owl mace water bun boat>
(mhnt: me-khen-et)
"ferry boat"
row place what is [ferryboat]
Gardiner [587.1:2.3]
<owl+arm headless water bun boat>
(mhnt: me-khen-et)
"ferry-boat"
row place what is [ferryboat]
Kamrin [252.2:01]
<owl headless water bun boat>


This first group includes both the ‘place’ prefix me- and the relative ‘what is’ -et suffix.
This results in the concept of ‘row - place - what is’, or ‘ferryboat’. Presumably the ferryboats were operated by rowing. So ‘what is a row place’ would reasonably be a ‘ferryboat’.

Agent: -u or -i
AE often also marked the agent of an action, the person or thing doing it, by -u or -i.
The following are examples of the latter form:

(mhnty: me-khen-et-i)
"ferryman"
row place what is agent [ferryboatman]
Faulkner Concise [115:18.1]
<owl arm headless water bun pair boat>
(mhnty: me-khen-et-i)
"ferryman"
row place what is agent [ferryboatman]
Faulkner Concise [115:18.23]
<owl mace water cosh reed boat>
(mhnty: me-khen-et-i)
"ferryman"
row place what is agent [ferryboatman]
Faulkner Concise [115:18.24]
<owl coolie water bun boat cosh reed hawk: perch>

This yields ‘row’ with one prefix and two suffixes: ‘row - place - what is - agent’, or ‘ferryboatman’

That concludes the investigation of ‘oar’ and derived words and ideas.

Irrelevancy revisited
The enquiry also threw up a little more on the irrelevance featuring ‘alight’ above:

(msḫn: me-se-KHen)
"resting place"
alight place make 
Gardiner [570.1:17]
<abacus-M cloth string water house>
(msḫn: me-se-KHen)
"abode"
alight place make 
Faulkner Concise [117:18]
<abacus-M cloth string water house>

 Here KHen (featuring -underscoop KH) is combined with two prefixes: 
me-: place
se-: cause
to produce the concept of ‘alight make place’, or idiomatically ‘resting place’ and ‘abode’.

JEREMY STEELE
Friday 5 April 2013
===============

Friday, 29 March 2013

Yellow or not?


What came first: the chicken or the egg? The same question can arise for colour names. ‘Yellow’, for example. In Ancient Egyptian, was there a word for ‘yellow’ or did things that happened to be yellow in colour have a common root?

Faulkner provides a start:

word
meaning
EngJSM
source
page/line
glyphs
(ḳny: qeni)
"be yellow"
yellow 
Faulkner Concise
[280:6]
<slope water reeds EGG-ears: pour>


qeni: ‘be yellow’


(ḳnỉt: qeni-t)
"a yellow pigment"
yellow what is 
Faulkner Concise
[280:4]
<slope water reed bun ring PLURAL>
(ḳnỉt: qeni-t)
"yellowness"
yellow what is 
Faulkner Concise
[280:5]
<slope water reed bun eye>
(ḳnt: qen-et)
"yellowness"
yellow what is 
Faulkner Concise
[279:6]
<slope water bun tallhorns>


Looking at the root ‘qen’ offers some insights, and inevitably some distractions. The insights first:

‘Yellow’ insights

(ḳn: qeni)
"sheaf"
sheaf  
Faulkner Concise
[279:16]
<slope water reed magnet: bar>
(ḳn: qeni)
"sheaf"
sheaf  
Faulkner Concise
[279:16]
<slope water reed magnet: bar>
(ḳn: qen)
"mat"
mat  
Faulkner Concise
[279:14.1]
<fence water grid>
(ḳn: qen)
"mat"
mat  
Gardiner
[596.2:5]
<fence water MAGNET: bar>
(ḳn: qeni)
"ceremonial garment"
garment  ceremonial
Faulkner Concise
[279:15]
<slope water reed U-rope>
(ḳni: qeni)
"palanquin"
  
Gardiner
[620.2:7]
<slope water reed magnet: bar>
(ḳnỉw: qeniyu)
"portable shrine"

Faulkner Concise
[280:3]
<slope water reed quail temple: basin>


A sheaf of wheat might have been seen as a yellow object. A rush mat might equally have been yellow. And what colour might the ceremonial garment have been, or the palanquin, given these ideas? There might be a connection between palanquin and portable shrine, and perhaps the next group might offer a suggestion: one might need to be strong to carry either.

No connection with ‘yellow’

word
meaning
EngJSM
source
page/line
glyphs
(ḳni: qeni)
"embrace"
hug  
Gardiner
[596.2:6]
<slope water reed arms: down>
(qnj: qeni)
"embrace"
hug  
Allen
[469.2:8]
<slope water reed arms: down>
(ḳn: qeni)
"brave"
strong  
Faulkner Concise
[279:7]
<slope water stander: stick>
(qnj: qeni)
"diligent"
strong  
Allen
[469.2:5]
<slope water stander: stick>
(qn: qen)
"audacity"
strong  bravery
Allen
[469.2:6]
<slope water CROSS-X>
(ḳn: qen)
"strong"
strong  
Gardiner
[596.2:3]
<slope water stander: stick>
(ḳn: qen)
"fat"
plump  
Faulkner Concise
[279:5]
<slope water tallhorns>
(ḳn: qen)
"complete"
complete  
Gardiner
[596.2:4]
<fence water PLANE>
(ḳn: qen)
"complete"
complete  
Faulkner Concise
[279:13]
<fence water PLANE-v>
(ḳn: qen)
"offence"
offence  
Faulkner Concise
[279:12]
<slope water sparrow>
(ḳnḳnyt: qen qenit)
"mallet"

Faulkner Concise
[280:13]
<slope water slope water reeds bun branch>
(ḳnḳn: qen qen)
"beat"
beat 
Faulkner Concise
[280:12]
<slope water slope water cross-X arm: stick>


In this second group the main idea might be ‘strong’. Coupled with the idea of ‘big’ and ‘power’ and its exercising, one can group hug, beat, mallet, and offence together, as well as plump (big). Complete seems to be another idea. None of these suggest a link to yellow.

Jeremy Steele
Friday 29 March 2013
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